Contributory expertise, is what you need to do an activity with competence - not knowledge of facts but knowledge acquired by immersion in a domain to acquire tacit knowledge.
Interactional expertise, is the ability to master the language of a specialist domain in the absence of practical competence.
The idea of interactional expertise is immanent in many roles, from peer reviewer to high-level journalist, not to mention sociologist or anthropologist, but it seems not to have been discussed before in an explicit way.
Ubiquitous expertises are those, such as natural language-speaking, which every member of a society must possess in order to live in it.
Low levels of specialist expertise are better described as levels of knowledge—like knowledge of the kind of facts needed to succeed in general knowledge quizzes.
To acquire higher levels of specialist expertise, more than ubiquitous expertise is needed. To go further along row three it is necessary to immerse oneself in a domain so as to acquire specialist tacit knowledge, not just learn more facts or fact-like relationships. Two categories of higher level expertise are found at the right hand end of the specialist expertise rows. Contributory expertise, then is what you need to do an activity with competence.
OUTSIDERS CHOOSE ON EXTERNAL CRITERIA OTHER THAN EXPERTISE
The final row of the table refers to the criteria that outsiders try to use to judge between experts to avoid having to make the more difficult kind-of judgments described above. They can check
- expert's qualifications, they can check
- expert's track records of success,
- or, what we argue is the best method of the criterion-based judgment, they can assess the expert's experience.
SOURCE: HARRY COLLINS AND ROBERT EVANS Rethinking Expertise, CHAPTER ONE, The Periodic Table of Expertises
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